Modes
of Transportation
What was the difference between a
train and a bus?
Train:
- It was a locomotive, i.e. wagons are pulled by an engine
- Engine was external to wagons
Bus:
- It was not a locomotive
- Engine was an internal part of the vehicle
- It was a self-propelled vehicle, i.e. runs on it’s own power
automobile
• The word
automobile was derived from two words i.e. ‘Auto’ and ‘Mobile’
•
The word ‘Auto’ comes from the
Ancient Greek word ‘autós’, which means self run or self-propelled
• The word
‘Mobile’ comes from the Latin word ‘mobilis’, which
means movable
• Therefore,
automobile was a vehicle that moves itself, rather
than being pulled or pushed by a separate animal or another vehicle
Simply, automobile
was a self-propelled vehicle.
History of
Automobile
• 1769: Nicholas
Joseph Cugnot (1725-1804) from France built the first self-propelled,
three-wheeled road avehicle for the French Army with a maximum speed of 2.5 mph
• 1832-1839:
Robert Anderson, from Scotland built the first Electric Carriage
• 1885/86: Karl
Friedrich Benz (1844-1929) from Germany built the first true automobile. This
four-stroke, three-wheeled vehicle was powered by an internal combustion engine
• 1886: Gottileb Wilhelm Daimler (1834-1900) and Wilhelm
Maybach (1846-1929) built the first gasoline powered, four-wheeled, four-stroke
engine
• Invention of Petrol and Diesel engines by German inventors
Nikolaus Otto and Rudolf Diesel respectively, helped in bringing out modern
automobiles.
History of Automobiles in India
• The first automobile in India rolled in 1897 in Bombay
• Around 1938, some
assembly plants were established in Bombay
• Here assembling
of automobiles was done using imported components
• The Premier
Automobile Ltd(1943) and Hindustan Motors Ltd(1944) were established to manufacture the
components of automobile
• Tata Motors and Ashok Leyland companies are prominent
manufacturers of heavy vehicles in India
• Hindustan Motors
Ltd (Ambassador) and Premier Automobiles Ltd (Fiat ) are the leading
manufacturers in cars up to 1980
• Establishment of
Maruthi Udyog Ltd (MUL) in collaboration with Suzuki company had created a new
trend in car manufacturing with many colours and different models
• Automobile
Engineering
•
-Automobile engineering or automotive
engineering was a branch of engineering
•
-
It deals with the study of design,
manufacturing and operation of automobiles and also their respective
engineering subsystems
-This was
also a part of vehicle engineering
Major Components of an
Automobile
•
Chassis
•
Body
1) Chassis of an Automobile
•
It is skeleton of the automobile
•
It is a complete vehicle except the
body
•
Whole vehicle excluding the
additional fitment
Body of an Automobile
•
It is the super structure of the
vehicle
•
It is bolted or welded to the vehicle
•
It covers the chassis
Design
of the body is based on the arrangement of seats, doors and roof structure, etc
Components of Chassis
- Engine
- Basic structure
- Transmission system
- Control systems
- Auxiliaries
Engine
•
It is also called as power plant of
the automobile
•
It provides necessary power to run
the automobile
•
Internal Combustion Engines
(I.C.Engines) are used in automobiles
Basic Structure
The following components combined
together is known as the basic
structure of an automobile
1. Frame
2. Suspension System
3. Axles
4. Wheels
Transmission System
•
In automobiles, the power developed by the
engine is ultimately aimed to turn the
wheels so that the vehicle can move on the road
•
Power developed by the engine will be
transmitted through various components which finally turn the
wheels
•
These components all together are known as Transmission system
Components of transmission system
•
Clutch
•
Gear box
•
Universal joints
•
Propeller shaft
•
Differential
Control Systems
when an automobile is running on the road,
the
following operations are performed :
- Reduction or increase of the speed of vehicle
- Stopping of the vehicle
- Taking turn to change the direction of the vehicle
To perform these operations, a vehicle needs various control systems
- Two types of control systems are there:
- 1. Steering System
- - To change the direction of the vehicle
- 2. Brake System
o To slow down or stop the vehicle
Auxiliaries
(Electrical)
In automobiles, power is required not
only to run the vehicle, but also required
•
To blow horn
•
To start the engine
•
For lighting
•
To show various gauge readings such
as
speedometer and fuel level indicator
Battery and various electrical circuits,
which are provided in the automobiles to meet these requirements are known as
auxiliaries
Various
auxiliaries (electrical circuits) in the automobiles
–
Starting
circuit
–
Charging
circuit
–
Lighting
circuit
–
Horn
circuit
–
Gauges
circuit
Main
Components of an Automobile
Components of Chassis
- Engine
- Basic structure
- Transmission system
- Control systems
- Auxiliaries
Engine
•
It is also called as power plant of
the automobile
•
It provides necessary power to run
the automobile
•
Internal Combustion Engines
(I.C.Engines) are used in automobiles
Basic Structure
The following components combined
together is known as the basic
structure of an automobile
1. Frame
2. Suspension System
3. Axles
4. Wheels
Transmission System
•
In automobiles, the power developed by the
engine is ultimately aimed to turn the
wheels so that the vehicle can move on the road
•
Power developed by the engine will be
transmitted through various components which finally turn the
wheels
•
These components all together are known as Transmission system
Components of transmission system
•
Clutch
•
Gear box
•
Universal joints
•
Propeller shaft
•
Differential
Control Systems
when an automobile is running on the road,
the
following operations are performed :
- Reduction or increase of the speed of vehicle
- Stopping of the vehicle
- Taking turn to change the direction of the vehicle
To perform these operations, a vehicle needs various control systems
- Two types of control systems are there:
- 1. Steering System
- - To change the direction of the vehicle
- 2. Brake System
o To slow down or stop the vehicle
Auxiliaries
(Electrical)
In automobiles, power is required not
only to run the vehicle, but also required
•
To blow horn
•
To start the engine
•
For lighting
•
To show various gauge readings such
as
speedometer and fuel level indicator
Battery and various electrical circuits,
which are provided in the automobiles to meet these requirements are known as
auxiliaries
Various
auxiliaries (electrical circuits) in the automobiles
–
Starting
circuit
–
Charging
circuit
–
Lighting
circuit
–
Horn
circuit
–
Gauges
circuit
Main
Components of an Automobile
What fucktard made this bs
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