Monday, 13 March 2017

WHAT IS AN AUTOMOBILE - IN BRIEF


Modes of Transportation
What was the difference between a train and a bus?
Train:
     - It was a locomotive, i.e. wagons are pulled by an engine
     - Engine was external to wagons
Bus:
      - It was not a locomotive
      - Engine was an internal part of the vehicle
      - It was a self-propelled vehicle, i.e. runs on it’s own power
automobile
      The word automobile was derived from two words i.e. ‘Auto’ and ‘Mobile’
      The word ‘Auto’ comes from the Ancient Greek word ‘autós’, which means self run or self-propelled
     The word ‘Mobile’ comes from the Latin word ‘mobilis’, which means movable
       Therefore, automobile was a vehicle that moves itself, rather than being pulled or pushed by a separate animal or another vehicle
                            Simply, automobile was a self-propelled vehicle.







      History of Automobile
    1769: Nicholas Joseph Cugnot (1725-1804) from France built the first self-propelled, three-wheeled road avehicle for the French Army with a maximum speed of 2.5 mph
        1832-1839: Robert Anderson, from Scotland built the first Electric Carriage
     1885/86: Karl Friedrich Benz (1844-1929) from Germany built the first true automobile. This four-stroke, three-wheeled vehicle was powered by an internal combustion engine
    1886: Gottileb Wilhelm Daimler (1834-1900) and Wilhelm Maybach (1846-1929) built the first gasoline powered, four-wheeled, four-stroke engine
    Invention of Petrol and Diesel engines by German inventors Nikolaus Otto and Rudolf Diesel respectively, helped in bringing out modern automobiles.
         History of Automobiles in India

      The first automobile in India rolled in 1897 in Bombay
          Around 1938, some assembly plants were established in Bombay
           Here assembling of automobiles was done using imported components
            The Premier Automobile Ltd(1943) and Hindustan Motors Ltd(1944)  were established to manufacture the components of automobile
      Tata Motors and Ashok Leyland companies are prominent manufacturers of heavy vehicles in India
           Hindustan Motors Ltd (Ambassador) and Premier Automobiles Ltd (Fiat ) are the leading manufacturers in cars up to 1980
           Establishment of Maruthi Udyog Ltd (MUL) in collaboration with Suzuki company had created a new trend in car manufacturing with many colours and different models    


      Automobile Engineering
 

         -Automobile engineering or automotive engineering was a branch of engineering
      - It deals with the study of  design, manufacturing and operation of automobiles and also their respective engineering subsystems
    -This was also a part of vehicle engineering

Major Components of an Automobile

         Chassis

         Body

1) Chassis of an Automobile

         It is skeleton of the automobile

         It is a complete vehicle except the body

         Whole vehicle excluding the additional fitment

         Plural form of chassis is also “chassis”

                             chasis of lorry

 


Body of an Automobile
         It is the super structure of the vehicle
         It is bolted or welded to the vehicle
         It covers the chassis
Design of the body is based on the arrangement of seats, doors and roof structure, etc


Components of Chassis
  1. Engine
  2. Basic structure
  3. Transmission system
  4. Control systems
  5. Auxiliaries

Engine
         It is also called as power plant of the automobile
         It provides necessary power to run the automobile
         Internal Combustion Engines (I.C.Engines) are used in automobiles


Basic Structure
The following components combined together is known as the basic structure of an automobile
               1. Frame
               2. Suspension System
               3. Axles
               4. Wheels
Transmission System
           In automobiles, the power developed by the engine is ultimately aimed to turn  the wheels so that the vehicle can move on the road
                     
             Power developed by the engine will be transmitted through  various components which finally turn the wheels
             These components all together are  known as Transmission system
   
Components of transmission system
         Clutch
         Gear box
         Universal joints
         Propeller shaft
         Differential
Control Systems
     when an automobile is running on the road, the
      following operations are performed :
  •  Reduction or increase of the speed of vehicle
  • Stopping of the vehicle 
  • Taking turn to change the direction of the vehicle

To perform these operations, a vehicle needs  various control systems
  • Two types of control systems are there:
  •          1. Steering System
  •                - To change the direction of the vehicle
  •          2. Brake System
o   To slow down or stop the vehicle
Auxiliaries (Electrical)
       In automobiles, power is required not only to run the vehicle, but also required
               To blow horn
               To start the engine
                     For lighting
                     To show various gauge readings such as                           
           speedometer and fuel level indicator
       Battery and various electrical circuits, which are provided in the automobiles to meet these requirements are known as auxiliaries
Various auxiliaries (electrical circuits) in the automobiles
        Starting circuit
        Charging circuit
        Lighting circuit
        Horn circuit
        Gauges circuit
Main Components of an Automobile




Components of Chassis
  1. Engine
  2. Basic structure
  3. Transmission system
  4. Control systems
  5. Auxiliaries

Engine
         It is also called as power plant of the automobile
         It provides necessary power to run the automobile
         Internal Combustion Engines (I.C.Engines) are used in automobiles



Basic Structure
The following components combined together is known as the basic structure of an automobile
               1. Frame
               2. Suspension System
               3. Axles
               4. Wheels
Transmission System
           In automobiles, the power developed by the engine is ultimately aimed to turn  the wheels so that the vehicle can move on the road
                     
             Power developed by the engine will be transmitted through  various components which finally turn the wheels
             These components all together are  known as Transmission system
   
Components of transmission system
         Clutch
         Gear box
         Universal joints
         Propeller shaft
         Differential
Control Systems
     when an automobile is running on the road, the
      following operations are performed :
  •  Reduction or increase of the speed of vehicle
  • Stopping of the vehicle 
  • Taking turn to change the direction of the vehicle

To perform these operations, a vehicle needs  various control systems
  • Two types of control systems are there:
  •          1. Steering System
  •                - To change the direction of the vehicle
  •          2. Brake System
o   To slow down or stop the vehicle
Auxiliaries (Electrical)
       In automobiles, power is required not only to run the vehicle, but also required
               To blow horn
               To start the engine
                     For lighting
                     To show various gauge readings such as                           
           speedometer and fuel level indicator
       Battery and various electrical circuits, which are provided in the automobiles to meet these requirements are known as auxiliaries
Various auxiliaries (electrical circuits) in the automobiles
        Starting circuit
        Charging circuit
        Lighting circuit
        Horn circuit
        Gauges circuit
Main Components of an Automobile


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